Direct Electrochemical Detection of Carbaryl in Water using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

Abstract

Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) is a carbamate pesticide used to cause adverse environmental and health effects when misused through water contamination. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a direct electrochemical detection method for carbaryl in aqueous media using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. In this context, BDD electrodes exhibited superior electrochemical performance compared to conventional materials such as gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) due to a wide potential window, low background current, and excellent chemical stability. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry reported a well-defined oxidation peak for carbaryl at 1.30 V, with significantly enhanced sensitivity. The results showed that there was a linear response in the concentration range of 10–100 μM, with a detection limit of 5.30 μM, quantification limit off 100.69 μM, excellent reproducibility (RSD = 2.35%) and recovery (100.97%). Furthermore, SEM and Raman analyses confirmed the polycrystalline structure and high boron doping level of BDD surface. The method was validated using tap water samples, confirming the applicability for real-world environmental monitoring. These results suggested the potential of BDD electrodes for sensitive, rapid, and direct detection of carbaryl in water without the need for complex sample preparation.

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Volume

14

Issue

2

First Page

146

Last Page

154

Authors

• Natasha Fransisca, National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyFollow
• Chico Permana Putra, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow
• Salma Nur Zakiyyah, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow
• Muhammad Ihda Hamlu Liwaissunati Zein, Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum – Universitã di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyFollow
• yeni wahyuni hartati, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow
• Irkham Irkham, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaFollow

Recommended Citation

Fransisca, Natasha; Putra, Chico Permana; Zakiyyah, Salma Nur; Zein, Muhammad Ihda Hamlu Liwaissunati; hartati, yeni wahyuni; and Irkham, Irkham (2026) "Direct Electrochemical Detection of Carbaryl in Water using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes," Chimica et Natura Acta: Vol. 14: Iss. 2,146-154.
DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24198/cna.v14.n2.72780
Available at: https://journal.unpad.ac.id/cna/vol14/iss2/6