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Jurnal Kultivasi

Abstract

AbstrakPermasalahan utama dari perbanyakan tanaman temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria) secara konvensional adalah penggunaan bahan tanam berupa rimpang yang memiliki masa dormansi 2-3 bulan. Perbanyakan in vitro menjadi alternatif untuk membuat perbanyakan temu putih secara cepat dan dalam jumlah banyak, namun masih belum banyak penelitian rekayasa media in vitro berupa penambahan karbohidrat dan sitokinin dalam media. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan multiplikasi eksplan C. zedoria terhadap 3 jenis karbohidrat, yaitu sukrosa, glukosa dan amilum dengan konsentrasi 2% dan 4% yang dikombinasikan dengan 2 jenis sitokinin, yaitu  Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) 2 ppm dan Thidiazuron (TDZ) 1,5 ppm. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 36 unit percobaan dan dengan waktu pengamatan selama 12 Minggu Setelah Tanam (MST). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan kombinasi sukrosa dan glukosa dengan sitokinin BAP dan TDZ memberikan pengaruh terhadap poliferasi tunas baru, perkembangan dan pertumbuhan planlet tanaman C. zedoria. Penggunaan amilum pada setiap perlakuan menyebabkan kematian fisiologis lebih cepat. Penggunaan TDZ pada setiap perlakuan memberikan hasil yang lebih baik terhadap jumlah tunas baru. Perlakuan dengan media sukrosa 4% + TDZ 1,5 ppm memberikan hasil yang paling tinggi dengan rata-rata jumlah tunas sebanyak 4,67 tunas baru. Perlakuan dengan media sukrosa 2% + BAP 2 ppm memberikan hasil yang paling signifikan pada tinggi tunas dengan rata-rata tinggi tunas sebesar 16,97 cm dan rata-rata jumlah daun sebanyak 8,67 buah.Kata kunci: Amilum ∙ Glukosa ∙ Karbohidrat ∙ Multiplikasi ∙ Tunas AbstractThe main problem with conventional propagation of Curcuma zedoaria is the use of planting material in form of rhizomes which have a dormancy period of 2-3 months. In vitro propagation is an alternative to make the propagation of Curcuma zedoaria quickly and in large quantities, but there are still not many researches study the formulation of in vitro media such as the addition of carbohydrates and cytokinins. This experiment aims to determine the response of growth and multiplication of explants of C. zedoria to 3 types of carbohydrates, i.e., sucrose, glucose and amylum with concentration of 2% and 4% combined with 2 types of cytokinins, i.e., 2 ppm Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and 1.5 ppm Thidiazuron (TDZ). This experiment used a completely randomized design with 36 experimental units and an observation time of 12 weeks after planting (MST).  The results showed that the combination of sucrose and glucose with cytokinins in form of BAP and TDZ affected the proliferation of new shoots, the development and growth of C. zedoria plantlets. The use of amylum in each treatment caused physiological death more quickly occured. The use of TDZ in each treatment gave better result on the number of new shoots. Treatment with 4% sucrose + 1.5 ppm TDZ showed the highest yield on the number of shoots, as many as 4.67 new shoots. Treatment with 2% sucrose + 2 ppm BAP showed the most significant results on shoot height with an average shoot height of 16.97 cm and an average number of leaves of 8.67 leaves.Keywords: Amylum ∙ Glucose ∙ Carbohydrates ∙ Multiplication ∙ Shoots

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