Abstract
Tourism sector is the largest source of income for Bali province of Indonesia. Unfortunately, the Covid-19 pandemic forced the closure of tourism. Therefore, Bali’s economic growth is experiencing decrease to -10.98%. To accelerate the reopening of tourism, the government has launched the national vaccine movement that also covers tourism business actors. Unfortunately, some parties resist the vaccination because the vaccine is not believed yet to be safe. By using doctrinal legal research, this study examined two problems: the right to health in the context of tourism and the construction of government policies against vaccine resistance by tourism business actors. It examined legal principles and synchronization of laws on human rights related to vaccination. The state is responsible to provide vaccination for the citizens in fulfilling the right to life and health. Each local government produces policy to deal with vaccine refusal. Jakarta and West Java are two provinces that impose fines for residents who refuse vaccines. On the other hand, Bali province does not impose sanctions on such residents. To ensure safety after the reopening of tourism, any local government can propose the record of vaccination as a requirement for every person who will return to work in the tourism sector.
Recommended Citation
Wiryawan, I Wayan Gde
(2021)
"Vaccines for Tourism Business Actors: Fulfilment or Violation of Human Rights?,"
Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law): Vol. 8:
No.
3, Article 3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n3.a5
Available at:
https://journal.unpad.ac.id/pjih/vol8/iss3/3
References
Books
I Putu Gelgel, Industri Pariwisata Indonesia Dalam Globalisasi Perdagangan Jasa (GATS-WTO): Implikasi Hukum dan Antisipasinya, Refika Aditama, Bandung, 2019.
Kementerian Pariwisata and Ekonomi Kreatif, Panduan Pelaksanaan Kebersihan, Kesehatan, Keselamatan, dan Kelestarian Lingkungan di Daya Tarik Wisata, Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif, Jakarta, 2020.
Maria Madalina Isharyan and Ayub Torry S.K., Hukum Kepariwisataan & Negara Kesejahteraan (Antara Kebijakan dan Pluralisme Lokal), Halaman Moeka Publishing, Bogor, 2019.
Muchamad Zaenuri, Perencanaan Strategis Kepariwisataan Daerah Konsep dan Aplikasi, e-Gov Publishing, Yogyakarta, 2018.
Muladi and Barda Nawawi Arief, Teori-teori dan Kebijakan Pidana, Alumni, Bandung, 2019.
Oka A Yoeti, Pengantar Ilmu Pariwisata, Angkasa, Bandung, 2016.
World Health Organization, COVID-19 Vaccines: Safety Surveillance Manual, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2021.
Other Documents
Ade Kadarisman, "Government Public Relations dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Geopark Ciletuh", Profesi Humas, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2021.
Ari Sulistyanto and Achmad Jamil, "Narasi Kritis Opinion Leader dalam Kebijakan Vaksin Covid 19," JRK (Jurnal Riset Komunikasi), Vol. 12, No. 1, 2021.
Astrid Krisdayanthi, "New Normal Pariwisata Bali di Masa Pandemi pada Daerah Tujuan Wisata Tanah Lot, Kabupaten Tabanan", Pariwisata Budaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Budaya, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2020.
Bali Province, “Berbagai Upaya Dilakukan Pemprov Bali untuk Pemulihan Ekonomi”, 2021, https://www.baliprov.go.id/web/berbagai-upaya-dilakukan-pemprov-bali-untuk-pemulihan-ekonomi/.
Bell, Sadie, (et al.), "Parents’ and Guardians’ Views on the Acceptability of a Future COVID-19 Vaccine: A Multi-methods Study in England", Vaccine, Vol. 38, No. 49, 2020.
Chontina Siahaan and Donal Adrian, "Komunikasi dalam Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Kebijakan Pemerintah Dimasa Pandemi", Kinesik, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2021.
Cindy Mutia Annur, “Indonesia Impor 201,9 Juta Dosis Vaksin hingga Agustus 2021 Impor Vaksin Covid-19 Indonesia”, 2021, https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/08/26/indonesia-impor-2019-juta-dosis-vaksin-hingga-agustus-2021.
Dian Herdiana, "Rekomendasi Kebijakan Pemulihan Pariwisata Pasca Wabah Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) di Kota Bandung", Jurnal Master Pariwisata (JUMPA), Vol. 1, No. 1, 2020.
Dimas Ahmad Rifandi and Irwansyah, "Retorika Juru Bicara Satgas Covid-19 di Platform Youtube", Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021.
Dinny Mutiah, “100 Ribu Lebih Pekerja Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Terdata untuk. Available from: Divaksinasi Covid-19”, 2021, https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4503558/100-ribu-lebih-pekerja-pariwisata-dan-ekonomi-kreatif-terdata-untuk-divaksinasi-covid-19.
Fajar Fathur Rachman and Setia Pramana, "Analisis Sentimen Pro dan Kontra Masyarakat Indonesia tentang Vaksin COVID-19 pada Media Sosial Twitter", Indonesian of Health Information Management Journal (INOHIM), Vol. 8, No. 2, 2020.
Farina Gandryani and Fikri Hadi, "Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 di Indonesia: Hak atau Kewajiban Warga Negara", Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021.
Hernadi Affandi, "Implementasi Hak Atas Kesehatan Menurut Undang-Undang Dasar 1945: Antara Pengaturan dan Realisasi Tanggung Jawab Negara", Jurnal Hukum Positum, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2019.
Hunt, Paul., "Interpreting the International Right to Health in a Human Rights-Based Approach to Health", Health and Human Rights, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2016.
I Ketut Sukawati Lanang Putra Perbawa, "Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Menanggulangi Covid-19 Berdasarkan Instrumen Hukum Internasional," Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021.
Ibnu Susanto Joyosemito and Narila Mutia Nasir, "Gelombang Kedua Pandemi Menuju Endemi Covid-19: Analisis Kebijakan Vaksinasi dan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat di Indonesia," Jurnal Sains Teknologi dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2021.
Ida Ayu Devi Arini, Ida Bagus Gede Paramita, and Komang Alit Triana, "Ekspektasi, Realisasi Dan Negosiasi Tourism Reborn di Masa Pandemi Dalam Pariwisata Bali", CULTOURE: Culture Tourism and Religion, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020.
Ida Bagus Gede Paramita and I Gede Gita Purnama Arsa Putra, "New Normal Bagi Pariwisata Bali di Masa Pandemi Covid 19", Pariwisata Budaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Budaya, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2020.
Latipah Nasution, "Hak Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Hak Permintaan Pertanggungjawaban terhadap Lambannya Penanganan Pandemi Global Coranavirus Covid-19", ADALAH, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2020.
Loomba, Sahil (et.al)., "Measuring the Impact of Exposure to COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccine Intent in the UK and US", Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 5, 2021.
M. Galieh Gunagama, Yumna Rana Naurah, and Arganis Ellyza P. Prabono, "Pariwisata Pascapandemi: Pelajaran Penting dan Prospek Pengembangan", LOSARI: Jurnal Arsitektur Kota dan Pemukiman, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2020.
Mikho Ardinata, "Tanggung Jawab Negara Terhadap Jaminan Kesehatan dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM)", Jurnal HAM, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2020.
Narila Mutia Nasir (et.al)., "Kebijakan Vaksinasi COVID-19: Pendekatan Pemodelan Matematika Dinamis pada Efektivitas dan Dampak Vaksin di Indonesia," Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat UBJ, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021.
Putri Ekaresty Haes and Putu Irma Yunita, "Kontribusi Serikat Pekerja Indonesia pada Organisasi Pariwisata di Kabupaten Badung dalam Perspektif Konflik", Jurnal Ilmiah Dinamika Sosial, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2019.
Putu Eka Wirawan, Sri Pujiastuti, and Ni Nyoman Sri Astuti, "Strategi Bertahan Hotel di Bali Saat Pandemi Covid-19", Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), Vol. 10, No. 2, 2020.
Rico Mardiansyah, "Dinamika Politik Hukum dalam Pemenuhan Hak Atas Kesehatan di Indonesia", Veritas et Justitia, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2018.
Rochani Nani Rahayu, "Vaksin Covid 19 di Indonesia: Analisis Berita Hoax", Jurnal Ekonomi, Sosial & Humaniora, Vol. 2, No. 7, 2021.
Rr. Ariyani Yakti Widyastuti, “Sandiaga Uno Finalkan Rencana Pembukaan Bali untuk Turis Asing”, 2021, https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1439394/sandiaga-uno-finalkan-rencana-pembukaan-bali-untuk-turis-asing.
Siti Nurhalimah, "Covid-19 dan Hak Masyarakat Atas Kesehatan", SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-I, Vol. 7, No. 6, 2020.
Surya Hendra Putra, "Pengembangan UMKM, Pariwisata dan New Normal", Merdeka Kreatif di Era Pandemi Covid-19: Suatu Pengantar, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2020.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights World Health Organization and World Health Organization, “The Right to Health Fact Sheet No. 31”, https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/factsheet31.pdf.
Weber, David., and Erin Parke, “No fines for COVID-19 vaccine refusal, WA Health Minister confirms”, 2021, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-13/no-fines-for-covid-19-vaccine-refusal-in-wa-health-minister-says/13053618.
Yulia Emma Sigalingging and Aris Prio Agus Santoso, "Analisis Yuridis Pengaturan Sanksi Bagi Penolak Vaksinasi Covid-19", JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan), Vol. 5, No. 3, 2021.
Legal Documents
The Law Number 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Karantina Kesehatan].
DOI
https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n3.a5