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Authors

David Tan

Abstract

Indonesia has acceded to the 1961 Hague Apostille Convention in early 2021. The government decided the move based on the current endeavors to enhance the quality of civil services, investment rate, government transparency, and recovery efforts after the worldwide pandemic. At the same time, Indonesia’s initiative to accede to the convention is surprisingly unimpressive, considering the benefits for Indonesia due to its urgency. The study reinforces the present perspective of apostille to contribute to the handful of scholarly papers dealing with the apostille in the realm of private international law. This study employed a normative juridical research method with secondary data. The data were analyzed with qualitative analysis methods. This paper examined the issues of the 1961 Hague Apostille Convention from Indonesian perspective and its obstacles in the 21st century. Furthermore, analysis also covered various scientific articles concerning the apostille to increase insight and comprehension of Indonesia’s attempt to accede to the Hague Apostille Convention and the subsequent actions that Indonesia should consider. Finally, this study also highlights the further development for the apostille to avoid deficiencies and vulnerabilities.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n3.a1


References

Books

Afifah Kusumadara, Indonesian Private International Law, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2021.

De Araujo, Nadia (et.al), “The Procedural Hague Conventions and Their Implementation in Brazil” in Yearbook of Private International Law Vol. XX - 2018/2019, Andrea Bonomi and Gian Paolo Romano (eds), Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt, Köln, 2009.

Garner, Bryan A. (eds), Black’s Law Dictionary, West Publishing, Minnesota, 2009.

Hague Conference on Private International Law, Apostille Handbook: A Handbook on the Practical Operation of the Apostille Convention, Hague Conference on Private International Law, The Hague, 2013.

Sudargo Gautama, Indonesia dan Konvensi-konvensi Hukum Perdata Internasional, Bandung, 2005.

Wacks, Raymond, Understanding Jurisprudence: An Introduction to Legal Theory, Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.

Other Documents

Adams Jr., James W., “The Apostille in the 21st Century: International Document Certification and Verification”, Houston

Journal of International Law, Vol. 34, No. 3, 2012.

Ahmad Haris Junaidi, “Urgensi dan Tantangan Indonesia dalam Aksesi Konvensi Apostille”, Jurnal Rechtsvinding, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2018.

Amram, Philip W., “Towards Easier Legalization of Foreign Public Documents”, American Bar Association Journal, Vol. 60, No. 3, 1974.

Anderson, Steven M., “Reforming International Institutions to Improve Global Environmental Relations, Agreement, and Treaty Enforcement”, Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1995.

Andi Adini Thahira Irianti, Muhammad Ashri, and Iin Karita Sakharina, “Role of Notary Public in Increasing the Ease of Doing Business Index through the Apostille Convention”, Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2019.

Annageldy Arazmuradov, “Recalling Benefits of International Convention for Modernization”, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2011640.

Bambang Hartoyo and Fauziah Mohd. Noor, “The Hague Convention 1961: Solution of Foreign Public Document Legalization for Indonesia and ASEAN Member Countries”, ABC Research Alert, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2019.

Chernilo, Daniel, “Jürgen Habermas: Modern Social Theory as Postmetaphysical Natural Law”, Journal of Classical Sociology, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2013.

Fitchen, Jonathan, “Authentic Instruments and European Private International Law in Civil and Commercial Matters: Is Now the Time to Break New Ground?”, Journal of Private International Law, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2011.

Habermas, Jürgen, “Plea for a Constitutionalization of International Law”, Philosophy and Social Criticism, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2014.

Hague Conference Confèrene Haye (HCCH), “About HCCH”, https://www.hcch.net/en/about.

Hague Conference Confèrene Haye (HCCH), “Authorities (per Party)”, https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/authorities.

Hague Conference on Private International Law, “News from the Hague Conference on Private International Law”, Uniform Law Review, Vol. 19, No 4, 2014.

Harvey, William C., “The United States and the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents”, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1970.

Hoyle, T. David, “Seal of Disapproval: International Implications of South Carolina’s Notary Statute”, South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2006.

Ku, Julian G., “The Crucial Role of the States and Private International Law Treaties: A Model for Accommodating Globalization”, Missouri Law Review, Vol. 73, No. 4, 2008.

Leich, Marian Nash, “The Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 76, No. 1, 1982.

Loon, Hans van, “The Hague Conference on Private International Law”, Hague Justice Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2007.

Lovells, Hogan, “Indonesia Ratified the Apostille Convention, But You Will Still Need to Legalize Your Documents ‘the Old Ways’”, https://www.hoganlovells.com/en/publications/indonesia-ratified-the-apostille-convention.

Müller-Doohm, Stefan, “Member of a School or Exponent of a Paradigm? Jürgen Habermas and Critical Theory”, European Journal of Social Theory, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2017.

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_____________________, “Urgensi Aksesi terhadap Apostille Convention bagi Negara-negara Anggota ASEAN dalam Menyongsong Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean 2015, Perspektif Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia”, Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2015.

Reyes, Anselmo, “ASEAN and The Hague Conventions”, Asia Pacific Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2014.

Riesenfeld, Stefan A., and Frederick M. Abbott, “The Scope of U.S. Senate Control over the Conclusion and Operation of Treaties - United States”, Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 67, No. 2, 1991.

Schlauß, Stefan, “The EU Regulation on Public Documents”, ERA Forum, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2020.

Shelton, Dinah, “Reconcilable Differences-The Interpretation of Multilingual Treaties”, Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1997.

Sherry, Keith D., “Old Treaties Never Die, They Just Lose Their Teeth: Authentication Needs of a Global Community Demand Retirement of the Hague Public Documents Convention”, The John Marshall Law Review, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1998.

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Thorner, Micah, and Livia van der Graaf on behalf of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, “News from the Hague Conference on Private International Law”, Uniform Law Review, Vol. 18, No. 3-4, 2013.

Tsouka, Chrysafo, “Simplifying the Circulation of Public Documents in the European Union – Present and Future Solutions”, ELTE Law Journal, Vol. 2015, No. 2, 2015.

Vettorel, Arianna, “EU Regulation No. 2016/1191 and the Circulation of Public Documents between EU Member States and Third Countries”, Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2017.

Legal Documents

The Law Number 24 of 2000 on International Treaties [Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional].

The Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation [Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja].

The Hague 1961 Convention on the Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents [Konvensi Den Haag Tahun 1961 tentang Penghapusan Persyaratan Legalisasi terhadap Dokumen Publik Asing].

The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties [Konvensi Wina Tahun 1960 tentang Hukum Traktat].

Presidential Regulation Number 2 of 2021 on the Accession of Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 2 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Penghapusan Persyaratan Legalisasi terhadap Dokumen Publik Asing].

Regulation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Number 3 of 2019 on the General Guidance on Procedures for Foreign Relations by Local Government [Peraturan Menteri Luar Negeri Nomor 3 Tahun 2019 tentang Panduan Umum Hubungan Luar Negeri oleh Pemerintah Daerah].

Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 19 of 2020 on the Official Signature Legalization Services on Documents at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights [Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 19 Tahun 2020 tentang Layanan Legalisasi Tanda Tangan Pejabat pada Dokumen di Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia].

De Araujo, Nadia (et.al), “The Procedural Hague Conventions and Their Implementation in Brazil” in Yearbook of Private International Law Vol. XX - 2018/2019, Andrea Bonomi and Gian Paolo Romano (eds), Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt, Köln, 2009.

Garner, Bryan A. (eds), Black’s Law Dictionary, Ninth Edition, West Publishing, Minnesota, 2009.

Hague Conference on Private International Law, Apostille Handbook: A Handbook on the Practical Operation of the Apostille Convention, Hague Conference on Private International Law, The Hague, 2013.

Sudargo Gautama, Indonesia dan Konvensi-konvensi Hukum Perdata Internasional (Indonesia and the Conventions on International Civil Law), Third Edition, Alumni, Bandung, 2005.

Other Documents

Ahmad Haris Junaidi, “Urgensi dan Tantangan Indonesia dalam Aksesi Konvensi Apostille”, Jurnal Rechtsvinding, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2018.

Andi Adini Thahira Irianti, Muhammad Ashri, and Iin Karita Sakharina, “Role of Notary Public in Increasing the Ease of Doing Business Index through the Apostille Convention”, Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2019.

Annageldy Arazmuradov, “Recalling Benefits of International Convention for Modernization”, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2011640, accessed on 08th of June 2021.

Anselmo Reyes, “ASEAN and The Hague Conventions”, Asia Pacific Law Review, Vol. 22, Issue 1, 2014.

Arianna Vettorel, “EU Regulation No. 2016/1191 and the Circulation of Public Documents between EU Member States and Third Countries”, Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional, Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2017.

Bambang Hartoyo and Fauziah Mohd. Noor, “The Hague Convention 1961: Solution of Foreign Public Document Legalization for Indonesia and ASEAN Member Countries”, ABC Research Alert, Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2019.

Chrysafo Tsouka, “Simplifying the Circulation of Public Documents in the European Union – Present and Future Solutions”, ELTE Law Journal, Vol. 2015, Issue 2, 2015.

Dinah Shelton, “Reconcilable Differences-The Interpretation of Multilingual Treaties”, Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 20, Issue 3, 1997.

Hague Conference Confèrene Haye (HCCH), “Authorities (per Party)”, https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/authorities, accessed on 06th of June 2021.

Hague Conference Confèrene Haye (HCCH), “About HCCH”, https://www.hcch.net/en/about, accessed on 08th of June 2021.

Hague Conference on Private International Law, “News from the Hague Conference on Private International Law”, Uniform Law Review, Vol. 19, Issue 4, 2014.

Hans van Loon, “The Hague Conference on Private International Law”, Hague Justice Journal, Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2007.

Hogan Lovells, “Indonesia Ratified the Apostille Convention, But You Will Still Need to Legalize Your Documents "the Old Ways"”, https://www.hoganlovells.com/en/publications/indonesia-ratified-the-apostille-convention, accessed on 12th of June 2021.

James W. Adams Jr., “The Apostille in the 21st Century: International Document Certification and Verification”, Houston

Journal of International Law, Vol. 34, Issue 3, 2012.

Jonathan Fitchen, “Authentic Instruments and European Private International Law in Civil and Commercial Matters: Is Now the Time to Break New Ground?”, Journal of Private International Law, Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2011.

Julian G. Ku, “The Crucial Role of the States and Private International Law Treaties: A Model for Accommodating Globalization”, Missouri Law Review, Vol. 73, Issue 4, 2008.

Keith D. Sherry, “Old Treaties Never Die, They Just Lose Their Teeth: Authentication Needs of a Global Community Demand Retirement of the Hague Public Documents Convention”, The John Marshall Law Review, Vol. 31, Issue 3, 1998.

Marian Nash Leich, “The Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 76, Issue 1, 1982.

Micah Thorner and Livia van der Graaf on behalf of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, “News from the Hague Conference on Private International Law”, Uniform Law Review, Vol. 18, Issue 3-4, 2013.

Philip W. Amram, “Towards Easier Legalization of Foreign Public Documents”, American Bar Association Journal, Vol. 60, Issue 3, 1974.

Priskila Pratita Penasthika, “Pilihan Hukum dalam the Hague Principles 2015 [Choice of Law in the Hague Principles 2015]”, Law Review, Vol. XX, Issue 3, 2021.

Priskila Pratita Penasthika, “Urgensi Aksesi terhadap Apostille Convention bagi Negara-negara Anggota ASEAN dalam Menyongsong Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean 2015, Perspektif Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia”, Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum, Vol. 24, Issue 2, 2015.

Stefan Schlauß, “The EU Regulation on Public Documents”, ERA Forum, Vol. 21, Issue 1, 2020.

Stefan A. Riesenfeld and Frederick M. Abbott, “The Scope of U.S. Senate Control over the Conclusion and Operation of Treaties - United States”, Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 67, Issue 2, 1991.

Steven M. Anderson, “Reforming International Institutions to Improve Global Environmental Relations, Agreement, and Treaty Enforcement”, Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 18, Issue 4, 1995.

T. David Hoyle, “Seal of Disapproval: International Implications of South Carolina’s Notary Statute”, South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business, Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2006.

The United Nations, “What is the Difference between Signing, Ratification and Accession of UN Treaties?”, https://ask.un.org/faq/14594, accessed on 07th of June 2021.

William C. Harvey, “The United States and the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents”, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 2, 1970.

Legal Documents

Law Number 24 Year 2000 concerning International Treaties [Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional].

Law Number 11 Year 2020 concerning Job Creation [Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja].

The Hague 1961 Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents [Konvensi Den Haag Tahun 1961 tentang Penghapusan Persyaratan Legalisasi terhadap Dokumen Publik Asing].

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 [Konvensi Wina Tahun 1960 tentang Hukum Traktat].

Presidential Regulation Number 2 Year 2021 concerning the Accession of Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 2 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Penghapusan Persyaratan Legalisasi terhadap Dokumen Publik Asing].

Regulation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Number 3 Year 2019 concerning General Guidance on Procedures for Foreign Relations by Local Government [Peraturan Menteri Luar Negeri Nomor 3 Tahun 2019 tentang Panduan Umum Hubungan Luar Negeri oleh Pemerintah Daerah].

Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 19 Year 2020 concerning Official Signature Legalisation Services on Documents at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights [Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 19 Tahun 2020 tentang Layanan Legalisasi Tanda Tangan Pejabat pada Dokumen di Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia].

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n3.a1

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