•  
  •  
 

Abstract

The struggles of indigenous peoples in both New Zealand and Indonesia to gain legal recognition remain ongoing. This study focuses on two central aspects. Firstly, it examines the historical-legal journey of indigenous peoples in their quest for legal acknowledgment. Secondly, it makes a comparative analysis with New Zealand, highlighting the potential contributions that indigenous peoples can provide to their respective countries. The study follows a legal research methodology, linking existing issues with authoritative sources and real-world situations. The findings reveal that in New Zealand, indigenous peoples possess a legal standing, albeit not entirely comprehensive. Conversely, Indonesian regulations do not provide strong legal support for indigenous people's rights. Despite their limited rights, indigenous peoples in New Zealand have made significant contributions to the nation's development. Additionally, the article contends that given their fundamental role in the founding of the Indonesian State, it is time for indigenous peoples to receive proper recognition for their substantial contributions to the nation's development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v10n3.a3

References

Books

Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara. Catatan Tahun 2022: Melawan Penundukan. Jakarta: Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN), 2022.

Banner, Stuart. Possessing the Pacific: Land, Settlers, and Indigenous People from Australia to Alaska. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.

Black, Anne and Gary Bell (ed.) Law and Legal Institutions of Asia: Traditions, Adaptations and Innovations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Burns, Peter John. The Leiden Legacy Concepts of Law in Indonesia. Jakarta: Pradnya Parmita, 1999.

Buxbaum, David C. (ed.) Family Law and Customary Law in Asia. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1968.

Byers, Michael. Custom, Power and the Power of Rules: International Relations and Customary International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Dixon, Rosalind and Tom Ginsburg (ed.) Comparative Constitutional Law in Latin America. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017.

Durie, Mason H. Te Mana Te Kāwanatanga: The Politics of Self-Determination. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Hendry, J. Reclaiming Culture: Indigenous People and Self-Representation 2005th Edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Kapoor, Dip, and Edward Shizha (ed.) Indigenous Knowledge and Learning in Asia/Pacific and Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010.

Lea, David. Property Rights, Indigenous People, and the Developing World: Issues from Aboriginal Entitlement to Intellectual Ownership Rights. Netherlands: Brill, 2008.

Mayali, Laurent, and Pierre Mousseron (ed.) Customary Law Today. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018.

Moura-Koçoğlu, Michaela. Narrating Indigenous Modernities: Transcultural Dimensions in Contemporary Māori Literature Cross/Cultures 141. New York: Rodopi, 2011.

Nettheim, Garth, Donna Craig, and Gary D. Meyers. Indigenous Peoples and Governance Structures: A Comparative Analysis of Land and Resource Management Rights. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2002.

Nichol, Raymond M. Growing Up Indigenous: Developing Effective Pedagogy for Education and Development. Rotterdam: Sense Publisher, 2011.

Sully, Dean (ed.) Decolonizing Conservation: Caring for Maori Meeting Houses Outside New Zealand. Walnut Creek Calif: Left Coast Press, 2007.

Sillitoe, Paul, Alan Bicker, and Johan Pottier. Participating in Development: Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge. London: Taylor and Francis, 2002.

Supriatna, Jatna. Melestarikan Alam Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008.

Other Documents

Adianto, Daru and Muamar Muamar. “Peranan Budaya Hukum Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Dalam Penetapan Hutan Adat.” Jurnal Suara Hukum 4, no. 2 (2022): 435–455. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v4n2.p435-455.

Admin Pusaka. “Konflik dan Penggundulan Hutan Meningkat di Papua.” Accessed on November 2, 2022. https://pusaka.or.id/konflik-dan-penggundulan-hutan-meningkat-di-papua.

Alkohir Anggoro, Syahriza and Tunggul Anshari Setia Negara. "The Struggle for Recognition: Adat Law Trajectories under Indonesian Politics of Legal Unification." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 29, no. 1 (2021): 33-62. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718115-bja10040.

Alviolita, Fifink Praiseda. "Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Terhadap Perbuatan Kriminalisasi Dalam Mempertahankan Tanah Ulayat." Juris Humanity: Jurnal Riset dan Kajian Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia 1, no. 1 (2022): 69-77.

Al Geson, Qembig. "Inklusi Sosial Dalam Agenda Setting Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) Masyarakat Hukum Adat." (Ph.D. Dissertation Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, 2021).

Amigo, Hugo, Patricia Bustos, Santiago Muzzo, Ana María Alarcón, and Sergio Muñoz. "Age of Menarche and Nutritional Status of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Adolescents in the Araucanía Region of Chile." Annals of Human Biology 37, no. 4 (2010): 554-561. 10.3109/03014460903456324.

Arizona, Yance. “Peluang Hukum Implementasi Putusan MK 35 Ke Dalam Konteks Kebijakan Pengakuan Masyarakat Adat di Kalimantan Tengah.” in Fakta Tekstual (Quo Vadis) Hutan Adat Pasca Putusan MK No. 35/PUU-X/2012 (Paper Presented in Workshop WWF Central Kalimantan Program and AMAN Kalteng, Palangkaraya 2013).

Barbanas, Sylvanus Gbendazhi. “The Legal Status of UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” International Human Rights Law Review 6, no. 2 (2017): 242-261. https://doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00602006.

Boast, Richard. "Māori Land and Land Tenure in New Zealand: 150 Years of the Māori Land Court." Comparative Law Journal of the Pacific 23 (2017): 77-113.

____________. “Maori Proprietary Claims to the Foreshore and Seabed After Ngati Apa.” New Zealand Universities Law Review 21, no. 1 (2004): 1-25. 10.3316/agispt.20043950.

Courtney, Margaret.” What Role Does the Māori Land Court Have in Modern Aotearoa New Zealand's Legal System?" (Ph.D. Dissertation University of Otago, 2022).

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.” “Laporan Singkat Rapat Dengar Pendapat Rancangan Undang-Undang Masyarakat Hukum Adat Fraksi Partai Nasdem.” (House of Representative Public Hearing Report, 2019).

Durie, Mason. “Interview: Kaupapa Maori: Shifting the Social." New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 47, no. 2 (2012): 21-29.

Erueti, Andrew. "Observations Relating to the UN Special Rapporteur's Report of Maori People in New Zealand-2011: Introducing a Human Rights Discourse to Treaty Jurisprudence." Ariz. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 32, no. 1 (2015): 195-208.

Gunawati, Dewi. "Urgensitas Harmonisasi Hukum Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Hutan Dalam Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Global Melalui Program Reducing Emmision Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Enhancing Stok Carbon.” Yustisia 4, no. 1 (2015): 144–172. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v4i1.8630.

Hemi, Keakaokawai Varner. "Closing Geographical Distances: The Value of a New Zealand Perspective on the Admission Policy of a Native Hawaiian School." Waikato Law Review: Taumauri 24 (2016): 14-42.

Huygens, I. "Pākehā and Tauiwi Treaty Education: An Unrecognised Decolonisation Movement?" Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online 11, no. 2 (2016): 146-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2016.1148057.

Illham, Teguh, Mila Dewanti, Tiara Navy, and Ivan Renaldi Sudarso. "Menakar Afirmasi Media Terhadap Kelompok Marginal: Analisis Pemberitaan Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia." Jurnal Dialektika: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial 20, no. 1 (2022): 1-16.

Kartodihardjo, Hariadi. “Empat Kelemahan RUU Masyarakat Adat.” Accessed on September 14, 2020. https://www.forestdigest.com/detail/745/empat-kelemahan-ruu-masyarakat-adat.

Martua Sirait, Chip Fay, and A. Kusworo. “Bagaimana Hak-Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Mengelola Sumber Daya Alam Diatur?” (Southeast Asia Policy Research Working Paper, 1999).

Maya Putri, Yunita. ”Communal Rights as the Hegemony in Third World Regime: An Indonesia Perspective." Indonesian Journal of International Law 19, no. 2 (2022): 289-315. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol19.2.5.

McWilliam, Andrew. “Historical Reflections on Customary Land Rights in Indonesia.” The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 7, no. 1 (2006): 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442210600551859.

Mika, Jason Paul, Nicolas Fahey, and Joanne Bensemann. "What Counts as an Indigenous Enterprise? Evidence From Aotearoa New Zealand." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 13, no. 3 (2019): 372-390. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-12-2018-0102.

Mulyadi, Mohammad. “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Adat Dalam Pembangunan Kehutanan.” Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan 10, no. 4 (2013): 224–234. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2013.10.4.224-234.

Nuari, Annisa Indah. "Legalisasi Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Adat di Indonesia." (Ph.D. Dissertation Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2022).

Nugraha, Indra. “Menanti Keseriusan Pemerintah Lindungi Masyarakat Adat.” Accessed on December 30, 2022. https://www.mongabay.co.id/2022/08/09/menanti-keseriusan-pemerintah-lindungi-masyarakat-adat/.

Nugroho, Wahyu. “Konstitusionalitas Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Mengelola Hutan Adat: Fakta Empiris Legalisasi Perizinan." Jurnal Konstitusi 11, no. 1 (2016): 109-129. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1116.

Qiu, Diana. "Human Rights Protection Under The ICCPR: When Can and Should States Derogate? A Critical Analysis in The Context of New Zealand’s COVID-19 Response." The International Journal of Human Rights 27, no. 5 (2022): 844-871. 10.1080/13642987.2022.2066080.

Risky Surya Pratama, Muhammad, Arum Ayu Lestari, and Rimas Intan Katari. "Pemenuhan Hak Bagi Masyarakat Adat Oleh Negara di Bidang Hutan Adat." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 29, no. 1 (2022): 189-210. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol29.iss1.art9.

Sari, Ria Maya. “Potensi Perampasan Wilayah Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja." Mulawarman Law Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v6i1.506.

Sayuti Hassan, Muhammad, Kalsum Umar, and Marshelayanti Mohamad Razali. “Pembangunan Ekonomi Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia: Pengajaran yang Boleh Dipelajari Daripada Masyarakat Maori di New Zealand.” UUM Journal of Legal Studies 13, no. 1 (2022): 431-458, 10.32890/uumjls2022.13.1.17.

Serikat Putra Jaya, Nyoman. “Hukum (Sanksi) Pidana Adat Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Nasional.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 45, no. 2 (2016): 123-130. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.45.2.2016.123-130.

Sieder, Rachel. “The Challenge of Indigenous Legal Systems: Beyond Paradigms of Recognition.” Brown Journal of World Affairs 18, no. 2 (2012): 103-114.

Subarudi, Subarudi. “Kebijakan Pengelolaan Hutan Adat Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 35/PUU-X/2012: Suatu Tinjauan Kritis.” Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan 11, no. 3 (2014): 207–224. https://doi.org/10.20886/jak k.2014.11.3.207–224.

Syahbandir, Mahdi. "Kedudukan Hukum Adat Dalam Sistem Hukum." Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 12, no. 1 (2010): 1-13.

Syamsudin, Syamsudin. "Beban Masyarakat Adat Menghadapi Hukum Negara." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 15, no. 3 (2008): 338-351. 10.20885/iustum.vol15.iss3.art9.

Teredi, Ernestus Lalong. “Strategi Gerakan Politik Keterlibatan: Tiga Pola Kerja Politik Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN)." Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 12, no. 1 (2021): 158–173. https://doi.org/10.14710/politika.12.1.2021.158-173.

Toki, Kiri Rangi. "The Maori Economy and Access to Justice." New Zealand Jurisprudence 15 (2017): 102-117.

Toki, Valmaine. "Adopting a Maori Property Rights Approach to Fisheries." New Zealand Environmental Law 14 (2010): 197-222.

Veronika, Tesy and Atik Winanti. ”Keberadaan Hak Atas Tanah Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Ditinjau Dari Konsep Hak Menguasai Oleh Negara." Humani (Hukum dan Masyarakat Madani) 11, no. 2 (2021): 305–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/humani.v11i2.4397.

Webster, D.C. “Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993." Te Mata Koi: Auckland University Law Review 7, no. 3 (1994): 715-719. 10.3316/agis_archive.19945244.

Wiessner, Siegfried. “Defending Indigenous Peoples' Heritage: An Introduction,” Thomas Law Review 14, no. 2 (2001): 271-274.

Widyawati, Ani. ”Akar Konflik Dalam Masyarakat Multikultural di Karimunjawa." Yustisia 4, no. 3 (2015): 602–616. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v4i3.8692.

Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia. ”Kriminalisasi Masyarakat Adat: Ancaman dan Usulan Kebijakan.” Accessed on October 20, 2022. https://ylbhi.or.id/publikasi/artikel/kriminalisasi-masyarakat-adat-ancaman-dan-usulan-kebijakan/.

Zakie, Mukmin. "Konflik Agraria yang Tak Pernah Reda." Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 24, no. 1 (2017): 40-55.

Legal Documents

Constitutional Court’s Verdict Number 35/PUU-X/2012 [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012].

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v10n3.a3

Download

Share

COinS